The Functional Mechanism of Ion Pumping Rhodopsins
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Ion-pumping microbial rhodopsins
Rhodopsins are light-sensing proteins used in optogenetics. The word "rhodopsin" originates from the Greek words "rhodo" and "opsis," indicating rose and sight, respectively. Although the classical meaning of rhodopsin is the red-colored pigment in our eyes, the modern meaning of rhodopsin encompasses photoactive proteins containing a retinal chromophore in animals and microbes. Animal and micr...
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Sodium pumping rhodopsins (NaRs) are a unique member of the microbial-type I rhodopsin family which actively transport Na+ and H+ depending on ionic condition. In this study, we surveyed 12 different NaRs from various sources of eubacteria for their electrophysiological as well as spectroscopic properties. In mammalian cells several of these NaRs exhibited a Na+ based pump photocurrent and four...
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An ion motive ATPase is a membrane protein that pumps ions across the membrane at the expense of the chemical energy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis. Here we describe how an external electric field, by inducing transitions between several protein configurations, can also power this pump. The underlying mechanism may be very similar to that of a recently constructed adiabatic electron...
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Sodium-pumping rhodopsins (NaRs) are light-driven outward Na(+) pumps. NaRs have a conserved Asn, Asp, and Gln motif (NDQ) in the third transmembrane helix (helix C). The NDQ motif is thus expected to play a crucial role in the operation of the Na(+) pump. Herein, we studied the photocycles of the NDQ-motif mutants of Krokinobacter rhodopsin 2 (KR2), the first discovered NaR, by flash photolysi...
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The recognition of a new family of rhodopsins in marine planktonic bacteria, proton-pumping proteorhodopsin, expanded the known phylogenetic range, environmental distribution, and sequence diversity of retinylidene photoproteins. At the time of this discovery, microbial ion-pumping rhodopsins were known solely in haloarchaea inhabiting extreme hypersaline environments. Shortly thereafter, prote...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nippon Laser Igakkaishi
سال: 2016
ISSN: 0288-6200,1881-1639
DOI: 10.2530/jslsm.jslsm-36_0041